Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 78, ISSUE 2, P265-274, August 1971

Monosaccharide inhibition of human intestinal lactose

  • David H. Alpers
    Affiliations
    From the Departments of Medicine and the Gastrointestinal Units, Barnes Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Mo., USA

    Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Mass., USA
    Search for articles by this author
  • John E. Gerber
    Affiliations
    From the Departments of Medicine and the Gastrointestinal Units, Barnes Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Mo., USA

    Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Mass., USA
    Search for articles by this author
      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.

      Abstract

      Lactase has been partially purified from human intestinal mucosa. Lactase was inhibited by glucose, galactose, and fructose with the use of a radioisotopic assay; sucrase was inhibited by glucose and fructose; and maltase was inhibited by glucose alone. However, the Ki for glucose was the same (about 30 mM) for all 3 enzymes. No obvious structural requirements could be determined for inhibition of lactase, but naturally occurring sugars were the best inhibitors. inhibition by sugars of all disaccharidases was pH dependent, with a pH optimum of 6. It was suggested that inhibition of lactase by sugars might be physiologically important and provide one mechanism for the production of lactose intolerance.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Translational Research
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Gray GM
        • Santiago NA
        Intestinal β-galactosidases. I. Separation and characterization of three enzymes in normal human intestine.
        J Clin Invest. 1969; 48: 716-735
        • Asp NG
        • Dahlqvist A
        • Koldovsky O
        Small intestinal β-galactosidase activity.
        Gastroenterology. 1970; 58: 591-593
        • Alpers DH
        Separation and isolation of rat and human intestinal β-galactosidases.
        J Biol Chem. 1969; 244: 1238-1246
        • Koldovsky O
        • Noack R
        • Schenk G
        • et al.
        Activity of β-galactosidase in homogenates and isolated microvilli fraction of jejunal mucosa from suckling rats.
        Biochem J. 1965; 96: 492-494
        • Haemmerli VP
        • Kistler H
        • Ammann R
        • et al.
        Acquired milk intolerance in the adult caused by lactose malabsorption due to a selective deficiency of intestinal lactase activity.
        Am J Med. 1965; 38: 7-30
        • Wasserman AH
        • Corradino RA
        • Taylor AN
        Vitamin d-dependent calcium-binding protein: Purification and some properties.
        J Biol Chem. 1968; 243: 3978-3986
        • Alpers DH
        • Solin M
        The characterization of rat intestinal amylase.
        Gastroenterology. 1970; 58: 833-842
        • Lowry OH
        • Rosebrough NJ
        • Farr AL
        • et al.
        Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent.
        J Biol Chem. 1951; 193: 265-275
        • Whitaker JR
        Paper chromatography and electrophoresis.
        in: Electrophoresis in stabilizing media. Vol. I. Academic Press, Inc, New York City1967: 239
        • Alberty RA
        Kinetic effects of the ionization of groups in the enzyme molecule.
        J Cell Physiol. 1956; 47: 245-260
        • Dahlqvist A
        “Substrate inhibition” of intestinal glycosidases.
        Acta Chem Scand. 1960; 14: 1797-1808
        • Dahlqvist A
        • Borgstrom B
        Characterization of intestinal invertase as a glucosidoinvertase. II. Studies in transglycosylation by intestinal invertase.
        Acta Chem Scand. 1959; 13: 1659-1667
        • Semenza G
        Intestinal oligosaccharidases and disaccharidases.
        in: Handbook of physiology. 1968: 2543 (Section 6. Washington, D. C.)
        • Carnie JA
        • Porteous JW
        The invertase activity of rabbit small intestine.
        Biochem J. 1962; 85: 450-456
        • Messer M
        • Dahlqvist A
        A one-step ultramicro method for the assay of intestinal disaccharidases.
        Anal Biochem. 1966; 14: 376-392
        • Wallenfels K
        • Fischer J
        Die Lactase des Kälberdarms.
        Biochem Z. 1960; 321: 233-245
        • Larner J
        • Gillespie RE
        Gastrointestinal digestion of starch. II. Properties of the intestinal carbohydrases.
        J Biol Chem. 1956; 223: 709-726
        • Kelemen MV
        • Whelan WJ
        Inhibition of glucosidases and galactosidases by polyols.
        Arch Biochim Biophys. 1966; 117: 423-428
        • Swaminathan N
        • Radhakrishnan AN
        Studies on intestinal disaccharidases: Part III. Purification and properties of two lactase fractions from monkey small intestine.
        Indian J Biochem. 1969; 6: 101-105
        • Kraml J
        • Koldovsky O
        • Heringova A
        • et al.
        Characteristics of β-galactosidases in the mucosa of the small intestine of infant rats.
        Biochem J. 1969; 114: 621-627
        • Greenberger NJ
        The intestinal brush border as a digestive and absorptive surface.
        Am J Med Sci. 1969; 258: 144-149
        • Olsen WA
        • Ingelfinger FJ
        The role of sodium in intestinal glucose absorption in man.
        J Clin Invest. 1968; 47: 1133-1142
        • Gray GM
        • Ingelfinger FJ
        Intestinal absorption of sucrose in man: Interrelation of hydrolysis and monosaccharide product absorption.
        J Clin Invest. 1966; 45: 388-398
        • Alpers DH
        • Cote MN
        Inhibition of lactose hydrolysis by dietary sugars.
        Am J Physiol. 1971; (In press)