Abstract
Dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) alters the course
of experimental kidney disease in dogs. In particular, supplementation with ω-6 PUFAs
hastens the decline of kidney function, and ω-3 PUFAs are renoprotective. We investigated
the early stages of renal insufficiency to determine whether PUFA supplementation
altered the magnitude of hypercholesterolemia or glomerular hemodynamics. Two months
after 11/12 nephrectomy, dogs were randomly divided into three groups of 6 animals
each. Each group of dogs was then fed a low-fat basal diet supplemented with one of
three sources of lipid to achieve a final concentration of 15% added fat. Fat sources
were rich in ω-3 PUFAs (menhaden fish oil, group FO), ω-6 PUFAs (safflower oil, group
SO), or saturated fatty acids (beef tallow, group C). Early in renal insufficiency,
before significant kidney damage, group FO had a lower (P <.05) serum cholesterol concentration and tended to have a lower urinary prostaglandin
E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) excretion than group C. In contrast, group SO
had a higher mean glomerular capillary pressure (P <.05) and more glomerular enlargement (P <.05) and tended to have higher eicosanoid excretion rates than group C. These differences
in lipid metabolism, glomerular hypertension and hypertrophy, and urinary eicosanoid
metabolism could explain, in part, the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs and the detrimental
effects of ω-6 PUFAs when administered on a long-term basis in this model of renal
insufficiency. (J Lab Clin Med 2000;135:275-86)
Abbreviations:
BUN (blood urea nitrogen), CCr (urinary clearance of exogenously administered creatinine), FF (renal filtration fraction), FO (menhaden fish oil), GBF (single glomerular blood flow), GFR (glomerular filtration rate (urinary clearance of inulin)), GPF (single glomerular plasma flow), Hct (hematocrit), HDL cholesterol (cholesterol contained in high-density lipoprotein particles), Kf (glomerular ultrafiltration coefficient), ΔP (glomerular transcapillary hydraulic pressure gradient), MAP (mean systemic arterial pressure), PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), PCP (peritubular capillary hydraulic pressure), PGC (glomerular capillary pressure), PSF (proximal tubular stop-flow pressure), πa (arterial colloid osmotic pressure), πe (glomerular efferent colloid osmotic pressure), PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid), RA (pre-glomerular vascular resistance), RBF (renal blood flow), RE (post-glomerular vascular resistance), RPF (renal plasma flow), RT (total renal vascular resistance), SCr (plasma concentration of creatinine), SNGFR (single nephron glomerular filtration rate), SO (safflower oil), TxB2 (thromboxane B2 (the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2))To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Accepted:
December 9,
1999
Received in revised form:
December 3,
1999
Received:
July 6,
1998
Footnotes
☆Supported by the Morris Animal Foundation.
☆☆A portion of this work was published previously in abstract form in J Vet Int Med 1996;10:168.
★Reprint requests: Scott A. Brown, MD, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
Identification
Copyright
© 2000 Mosby, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
