Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major challenge in nephrology and for public
health care, affecting 14% to 15% of the adult US population and consuming significant
health care resources. In the next 20 years, the number of patients with end stage
renal disease is projected to increase by 50%. Ideal biomarkers that allow early identification
of CKD patients at high risk of progression are urgently needed for early and targeted
treatment to improve patient care. Recent success of integrating molecular approaches
for personalized management of neoplastic diseases, including diagnosis, staging,
prognosis, treatment selection, and monitoring, has strongly encouraged kidney researchers
to pursue molecular definitions of patients with kidney disease. Challenges for molecular
marker identification in CKD are a high degree of cellular heterogeneity of the kidney
and the paucity of human tissue availability for molecular studies. Despite these
limitations, potential molecular biomarker candidates have been uncovered at multiple
levels along the genome––phenome continuum. Here we will review the identification
and validation of potential genomic biomarker candidates of CKD and CKD progression
in clinical studies. The challenges in predicting CKD progression, as well as the
promises and opportunities resulting from a molecular definition of CKD will be discussed.
Abbreviations:
CKD (chronic kidney disease), ADPKD (autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease), FFPE (formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded), GFR (glomerular filtration rate), GWAS (genome-wide-association studies), KDOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative), NF-кB (nuclear factor-кB), qRT-PCR (quantitative real time PCR), PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell), SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 10, 2012
Accepted:
January 19,
2012
Received in revised form:
January 9,
2012
Received:
November 30,
2011
Footnotes
Supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (RO1 DK079912 and P30 DK081943).
Conflict of interest: None.
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Mosby, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
