Biomarkers are measurable indicators of normal or abnormal biological processes that
may be used to screen for, or diagnose disease, monitor its activity, predict its
course, or assess response to treatment.
1
,
2
A National Institutes of Health (NIH) working group defined a biomarker as a “characteristic
that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes,
pathogenic processes or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention.”
2
Although under this broad definition, physical traits, physiologic measurements,
or quantitatable endpoints of imaging studies can be also considered biomarkers,
3
nowadays the term most often refers to molecular or biochemical markers.
1
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 15, 2012
Accepted:
January 25,
2012
Received:
January 25,
2012
Footnotes
Dr. Frangogiannis’ laboratory is supported by NIH grants R01 HL76246 and R01 HL85440, the Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, and the Edmond J. Safra/Republic National Bank of New York Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine.
Conflict of interest: None.
Identification
Copyright
© 2012 Mosby, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
