Abbreviations:
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second), IL (interleukin), NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), LTOT (long-term home oxygen therapy), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Translational ResearchReferences
WHO. World health statistics. 2008. Available at: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS08_Full.pdf. Accessed January 1, 2013.
- Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990–2020: Global Burden of Disease Study.Lancet. 1997; 349: 1498-1504
- Gender and the diagnosis, management, and surveillance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2007; 4: 686-691
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance: United States, 1971–2000.MMWR Surveill Summ. 2002; 51: 1-16
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults aged 18 and over in the United States, 1998–2009.NCHS Data Brief. June 2011; 63 (Available at) (Accessed January 2, 2013)
- Trends in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevalence, incidence, and mortality in Ontario, Canada, 1996 to 2007: a population-based study.Arch Intern Med. 2010; 170: 560-565
- Trends in COPD prevalence and exacerbation rates in Dutch primary care.Br J Gen Pract. 2009; 59: 927-933
- COPD prevalence in Salzburg, Austria: results from the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study.Chest. 2007; 131: 29-36
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in five Latin American cities (the PLATINO study): a prevalence study.Lancet. 2005; 366: 1875-1881
- COPD in India: iceberg or volcano?.J Thorac Dis. 2012; 4: 298-309
- Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a large, population-based survey.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 176: 753-760
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease surveillance: United States, 1971–2000.MMWR Surveill Summ. 2002; 51: 1-16
- Changes in mortality among US adults with COPD in two national cohorts recruited from 1971–1975 and 1988–1994.Chest. 2012; 141: 101-110
- 50-Year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States.N Engl J Med. 2013; 368: 351-364
- Changes in number of cigarettes smoked per day: cross-sectional and birth cohort analyses using NHIS.in: Stephen E Marcus Those who continue to smoke: is achieving abstinence harder and do we need to change our interventions? Smoking and tobacco control monograph no. 15. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD2003: 83-99
- Women and tobacco.Respirology. 2003; 8: 123-130
- Occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an update.Clin Chest Med. 2012; 33: 625-636
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women: exploring gender differences.Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2004; 10: 98-103
- Female smokers beyond the perimenopausal period are at increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Respir Res. 2006; 7: 52
- Sex differences in severe pulmonary emphysema.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 176: 243-252
- Gender differences in COPD: are women more susceptible to smoking effects than men?.Thorax. 2010; 65: 480-485
- Gender-related differences in severe, early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 162: 2152-2158
- Gender and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: why it matters.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007; 176: 1179-1184
- Understanding the biological differences in susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease between men and women.Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2007; 4: 671-674
- Gender difference in airway hyperresponsiveness in smokers with mild COPD: the Lung Health Study.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; 150: 956-961
- Distribution of bronchial responsiveness in a general population: effect of sex, age, smoking, and level of pulmonary function.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 151: 1770-1777
- Gender differences in naphthalene metabolism and naphthalene-induced acute lung injury.Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002; 282: L1122-L1134
- Trends in chronic bronchitis and emphysema: morbidity and mortality [Internet].American Lung Association, New York2007http://www.lungusa.org(Accessed Jan 7, 2012)
- The course and prognosis of different forms of chronic airways obstruction in a sample from the general population.N Engl J Med. 1987; 317: 1209-1214
- Gender differences in the severity of CT emphysema in COPD.Chest. 2007; 132: 464-470
- Clinical, radiologic and induced sputum features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in nonsmokers: a descriptive study.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 166: 1078-1083
- Gender differences in the bronchoalveolar lavage cell proteome of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 743-751
- Early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with female sex, maternal factors, and African American race in the COPDGene Study.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 184: 414-420
- Gender differences in plasma biomarker levels in a cohort of COPD patients: a pilot study.PLoS One. 2011; 6: e16021
- Association of IREB2 and CHRNA3 polymorphisms with airflow obstruction in severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.Respir Res. 2012; 13: 16
- Gender does not influence the response to the combination of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate in COPD.Respir Med. 2004; 98: 1045-1050
- Gender differences in emergency department patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations.Acad Emerg Med. 2005; 12: 1173-1179
- Gender differences in the management and experience of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Respir Med. 2004; 98: 1207-1213
- Gender and COPD in patients attending a pulmonary clinic.Chest. 2005; 128: 2012-2016
- Under-diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women: quantification of the problem, determinants and proposed actions.Arch Bronconeumol. 2013; 49: 223-229
- QSex-related differences in COPD in five Latin American cities: the PLATINO study.Eur Respir J. 2010; 36: 1034-1041
- Characterization of COPD heterogeneity in the ECLIPSE cohort.Respir Res. 2010; 11: 122
- Sex differences in mortality and clinical expressions of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the TORCH experience.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 183: 317-322
- Predictors of lung function and its decline in mild to moderate COPD in association with gender: results from the Euroscop study.Respir Med. 2006; 100: 746-753
- Gender associated differences in determinants of quality of life in patients with COPD: a case series study.Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2006; 4: 72
- Gender differences in airway behavior over the human life span.Thorax. 1999; 54: 1119-1138
- Gender differences in exertional dyspnea with advancing age [abstract].Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006; 3: A224
- Prediction of the clinical course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, using the new GOLD classification: a study of the general population.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012; 186: 975-981
- Comorbidity and gender-related differences in patients hospitalized for COPD: the ECCO study.Respir Med. 2010; 104: 253-259
- Comorbidity and sex-related differences in mortality in oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.PLoS ONE. 2012; 7: e35806
- Anxiety and depression in COPD patients: the roles of gender and disease severity.Respir Med. 2006; 100: 1767-1774
- Risk factors for rehospitalisation in COPD: role of health status, anxiety and depression.Eur Respir J. 2005; 26: 414-419
- Determinants of depression in the ECLIPSE chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cohort.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 183: 604-611
- In-hospital mortality following acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Arch Intern Med. 2003; 163: 1180-1186
- Frequent hospital readmissions for acute exacerbation of COPD and their associated factors.Respirology. 2006; 11: 188-195
- Gender differences in survival following hospitalisation for COPD.Thorax. 2011; 66: 38-42
- Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and World Health Organization Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD): executive summary.Respir Care. 2001; 46: 798-825
- Dispelling myths about gender differences in smoking cessation: population data from the USA, Canada and Britain.Tob Control. 2013; 22: 356-360
- Smoking cessation and lung function in mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Lung Health Study.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000; 161: 381-390
- Effects of tiotropium on lung hyperinflation, dyspnoea and exercise tolerance in COPD.Eur Respir J. 2004; 23: 832-840
- Predictors of COPD symptoms: does the sex of the patient matter?.Eur Respir J. 2006; 28: 311-318
- Inhaled corticosteroids and hip fracture: a population-based case–control study.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 166: 1563-1566
- Probability and determinants of relapse after discontinuation of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COPD treated in general practice.Prim Care Respir J. 2004; 13: 48-55
- Azithromycin for prevention of exacerbations of COPD.N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 689-698
- Sex differences in the clinical presentation and management of airflow obstruction.Eur Respir J. 2006; 28: 319-322
- Prescription bias and factors associated with improper use of inhalers.J Aerosol Med. 2006; 19: 127-136
- The influence of age, diagnosis, and gender on proper use of metered-dose inhalers.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; 150: 1256-1261
- Incorrect inhaler technique compromising quality of life of asthmatic patients.J Med. 2012; 13: 16-21
- Survival on long-term oxygen therapy in chronic airflow limitation: from evidence to outcomes in the routine clinical setting.Intern Med J. 2001; 31: 448-454
- Sex differences in survival of oxygen-dependent patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006; 174: 524-529
- Disparities in pneumococcal and influenza immunization among older adults in Israel: a cross-sectional analysis of socio-demographic barriers to vaccination.Prev Med. 2013; 56: 337-340
- Gender moderates the effects of exercise therapy on health-related quality of life among COPD patients.Chest. 2001; 119: 70-76
- Functional status in pulmonary rehabilitation participants.J Cardiopulm Rehabil. 1999; 19: 35-42
- Gender bias in the diagnosis of COPD.Chest. 2001; 119: 1691-1695
- Attitudes toward the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care [in Spanish].Arch Bronconeumol. 2006; 42: 3-8
- Gender differences in symptoms and care delivery for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2012; 21: 1267-1274
Article info
Publication history
Footnotes
Conflict of Interest: All authors have read the journal’s policy on conflicts of interest. S. Aryal and E. Diaz-Guzman have no conflicts of interest to disclose. D. M. Mannino has the following disclosures: He has served on advisory boards for Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Sepracor, Astra-Zeneca, Novartis, and Ortho Biotech; and has received research grants from Astra-Zeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Pfizer.