The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a meshwork of both structural and functional proteins
assembled in unique tissue-specific architectures. The ECM both provides the mechanical
framework for each tissue and organ and is a substrate for cell signaling. The ECM
is highly dynamic, and cells both receive signals from the ECM and contribute to its
content and organization. This process of “dynamic reciprocity” is key to tissue development
and for homeostasis. Based upon these important functions, ECM-based materials have
been used in a wide variety of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches
to tissue reconstruction. It has been demonstrated that ECM-based materials, when
appropriately prepared, can act as inductive templates for constructive remodeling.
Specifically, such materials act as templates for the induction of de novo functional, site-appropriate, tissue formation. Herein, the diverse structural and
functional roles of the ECM are reviewed to provide a rationale for the use of ECM
scaffolds in regenerative medicine. Translational examples of ECM scaffolds in regenerative
are provided, and the potential mechanisms by which ECM scaffolds elicit constructive
remodeling are discussed. A better understanding of the ability of ECM scaffold materials
to define the microenvironment of the injury site will lead to improved clinical outcomes
associated with their use.
Abbreviations:
ADAMTS (metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif families), CO2 (carbon dioxide), DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), ECM (extracellular matrix), EMR (endomucosal resection), HGD (high grade dysplasia), MMP (matrix metalloproteinase), SIS (small intestinal mucosa), TMJ (temporomandibular joint), TMJD (Temporomandibular joint disorder), UBM (urinary bladder matrix), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: November 11, 2013
Accepted:
November 4,
2013
Received in revised form:
October 24,
2013
Received:
September 13,
2013
Identification
Copyright
© 2014 Mosby, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
