Patients with inflammatory arthritis have increased risk of cardiovascular diseases
(CVDs) compared with the general population. Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and
increased arterial stiffness are also common in these patients, which may serve as
surrogate end points for cardiovascular (CV) events in clinical trials. Although exact
mechanisms are still unclear, persistent systemic inflammation in patients with inflammatory
arthritis may contribute to the development of CVD. Dysregulated innate immunity pathways
in these patients may also play a role in accelerating atherosclerosis. During the
last decade, effective suppression of inflammation by biological disease-modifying
antirheumatic drugs has improved the disease outcome dramatically in patients with
inflammatory arthritis. Growing evidence suggests that antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)
therapy may prevent CVD in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nonetheless, data on
non-TNF biologics are limited. Whether anti-TNF therapy may prevent CVD in patients
with spondyloarthritis also remained unclear. In this review, we summarized the effect
of both anti-TNF and non-TNF biologics on the CV system, including traditional CVD
risk factors, endothelial function, arterial stiffness, subclinical atherosclerosis,
and clinical CVD in patients with inflammatory arthritis.
Abbreviations:
ABA (abatacept), ADA (adalimumab), AIx (augmentation index), AMI (acute myocardial infarction), ANA (anakinra), Apo (apolipoprotein), AS (ankylosing spondylitis), CTZ (certolizumab pegol), CV (cardiovascular), CVD (cardiovascular disease), DMARD (disease-modifying antirheumatic drug), ETN (etanercept), FMD (flow-mediated vasodilation), GOL (golimumab), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), IFX (infliximab), IL (interleukin), IMT (intima-media thickness), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), MACE (major adverse cardiovascular event), MI (myocardial infarction), MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases), MTX (methotrexate), PsA (psoriatic arthritis), PWV (pulse wave velocity), RA (rheumatoid arthritis), RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end product), RCT (randomized controlled trial), RTX (rituximab), sRAGE (soluble RAGE), TC (total cholesterol), TCZ (tocilizumab), TG (triglyceride), TNF (tumor necrosis factor), TOF (tofacitinib)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Translational ResearchAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies.Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 59: 1690-1697
- Risk of major cardiovascular events in patients with psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based cohort study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74: 326-332
- Mortality and causes of death in 398 patients admitted to hospital with ankylosing spondylitis.Ann Rheum Dis. 1993; 52: 174-176
- The mortality of rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 1994; 37: 481-494
- Mortality in early inflammatory polyarthritis: cardiovascular mortality is increased in seropositive patients.Arthritis Rheum. 2002; 46: 2010-2019
- High ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients: a population-based cohort study.Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 58: 2268-2274
- Life expectancy, standardized mortality ratios, and causes of death in six rheumatic diseases in Hong Kong, China.Arthritis Rheum. 2011; 63: 1182-1189
- Psoriasis is associated with clinically significant cardiovascular risk: a Danish nationwide cohort study.J Intern Med. 2011; 270: 147-157
- Mortality in psoriatic arthritis—a single-center study from the UK.J Rheumtol. 2010; 37: 2141-2144
- The epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, 1982-1991.J Rheumatol. 2000; 27: 1247-1250
- Cardiovascular morbidity in psoriatic arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68: 1131-1135
- Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis.J Rheumatol. 2006; 33: 2167-2172
- Cardiovascular risk profile of patients with psoriatic arthritis compared to controls—the role of inflammation.Rheumatology. 2008; 47: 718-723
- Increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease activity.Ann Rheum Dis. 2011; 70: 1921-1925
- Cardiovascular events in ankylosing spondylitis: an updated meta-analysis.Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2015; 44: 551-555
- Ankylosing spondylitis and risk of ischaemic heart disease: a population-based cohort study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; ([Epub ahead of print])
- EULAR evidence-based recommendations for cardiovascular risk management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2010; 69: 325-331
- Performance of four current risk algorithms in predicting cardiovascular events in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74: 668-674
- Prediction of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: performance of original and adapted SCORE algorithms.Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; ([Epub ahead of print])
- The value of carotid artery plaque and intima-media thickness for incident cardiovascular disease: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.J Am Heart Assoc. 2013; 2: e000087
- Carotid ultrasound is useful for the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results of a population-based study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; 73: 722-727
- Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 59: 1322-1331
- The Framingham Risk Score underestimates the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic disease.Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; 73: 1990-1996
- Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications.Eur Heart J. 2006; 27: 2588-2605
- Carotid intima media thickness in rheumatoid arthritis as compared to control subjects: a meta-analysis.Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011; 40: 389-397
- Carotid plaque characteristics and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis.J Rheumatol. 2013; 40: 359-368
- Preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Intern Med. 2006; 144: 249-256
- Subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis: a case-control study.J Rheumatol. 2008; 35: 877-882
- High prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis patients without clinically evident cardiovascular disease or classic atherosclerosis risk factors.Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 57: 1074-1080
- Prevalence and risk factors of atherosclerosis in patients with psoriatic arthritis.Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 36: 203-209
- Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with increased aortic pulse-wave velocity, which is reduced by anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy.Circulation. 2006; 114: 1185-1192
- Increased arterial stiffness and indication of endothelial dysfunction in long-standing rheumatoid arthritis.Scand J Rheumatol. 2008; 37: 1-5
- Increased augmentation index in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to coronary artery atherosclerosis.J Rheumatol. 2007; 34: 2388-2394
- Arterial stiffness and central blood pressure, as determined by pulse wave analysis, in rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2003; 62: 414-418
- Augmentation index and large-artery remodeling in patients with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy controls.Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 39: 163-169
- Early prediction of increased arterial stiffness in patients with chronic inflammation: a 15-year followup study of 108 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.J Rheumatol. 2011; 38: 606-612
- Psoriatic arthritis is associated with increased arterial stiffness in the absence of known cardiovascular risk factors: a case control study.Clin Rheumatol. 2012; 31: 711-715
- Susceptibility to atherosclerosis in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis as determined by carotid-femoral (aortic) pulse-wave velocity measurement.Rev Esp Cardiol. 2009; 62: 96-99
- Increase in ventricular-arterial stiffness in patients with psoriatic arthritis.Rheumatology. 2012; 51: 2215-2223
- Cardiovascular profile in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arthritis Care Res. 2011; 63: 557-563
- Assessment of preclinical atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.J Rheumatol. 2012; 39: 322-326
- Assessment of subclinical vascular disease associated with ankylosing spondylitis.J Rheumatol. 2011; 38: 723-729
- Investigation of effects of different treatment modalities on structural and functional vessel wall properties in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Joint Bone Spine. 2011; 78: 378-382
- Signs of accelerated preclinical atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.J Rheumatol. 2010; 37: 161-166
- Aortic elasticity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Acta Cardiol. 2004; 59: 630-634
- Myocardial performance and aortic elasticity are impaired in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Scand J Rheumatol. 2009; 38: 216-221
- Trend towards increased arterial stiffness or intima-media thickness in ankylosing spondylitis patients without clinically evident cardiovascular disease.Rheumatology. 2008; 47: 1203-1207
- No differences of carotid intima-media thickness between young patients with ankylosing spondylitis and healthy controls.Joint Bone Spine. 2008; 75: 548-553
- High prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Clin Rheumatol. 2007; 26: 710-714
- Cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis: state of the art and future perspectives.Ann Rheum Dis. 2011; 70: 8-14
- Cardiorheumatology: cardiac involvement in systemic rheumatic disease.Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015; 12: 168-176
- Endothelial dysfunction in rheumatic autoimmune diseases.Atherosclerosis. 2012; 224: 309-317
- Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis.Nature. 2011; 473: 317-325
- Inflammation in atherosclerosis.Nature. 2002; 420: 868-874
- Inflammation and arterial stiffness in humans.Atherosclerosis. 2014; 237: 381-390
- The role of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) flare and cumulative burden of RA severity in the risk of cardiovascular disease.Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; ([Epub ahead of print])
- Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts: a multiligand receptor magnifying cell stress in diverse pathologic settings.Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2002; 54: 1615-1625
- Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products triggers a proinflammatory cytokine cascade via beta2 integrin Mac-1.Arthritis Rheum. 2006; 54: 3898-3907
- Serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products levels and aortic augmentation index in early rheumatoid arthritis—a prospective study.Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2013; 42: 333-345
- The risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies.PLoS One. 2013; 8: e78151
- Reduced tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor in obesity-diabetes. Central role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.J Clin Invest. 1994; 94: 1543-1549
- A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance.Nature. 2002; 420: 333-336
- The many faces of tumor necrosis factor in stroke.Nat Med. 2002; 8: 1363-1368
- Blockade of IL-6 and TNF-alpha inhibited oxLDL-induced production of MCP-1 via scavenger receptor induction.Eur J Pharmacol. 2012; 689: 249-254
- Certolizumab pegol attenuates the pro-inflammatory state in endothelial cells in a manner that is atheroprotective.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013; 31: 225-233
- Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004; 24: 2137-2142
- A novel mouse model that develops spontaneous arthritis and is predisposed towards atherosclerosis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2013; 72: 89-95
- Infliximab restores glucose homeostasis in an animal model of diet-induced obesity and diabetes.Endocrinology. 2007; 148: 5991-5997
- The effects of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors, methotrexate, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids on cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74: 480-489
- Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure: results of the anti-TNF Therapy Against Congestive Heart Failure (ATTACH) trial.Circulation. 2003; 107: 3133-3140
- A systematic review of the effect of TNF-alpha antagonists on lipid profiles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Clin Rheumatol. 2010; 29: 947-955
- Effect of TNF inhibitors on lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2012; 71: 862-868
- Effects of tumor necrosis factor blockade on cardiovascular risk factors in psoriatic arthritis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 56: 831-839
- Impact of 24-month treatment with etanercept, adalimumab, or methotrexate on metabolic syndrome components in a cohort of 210 psoriatic arthritis patients.Clin Rheumatol. 2014; 33: 833-839
- Atherosclerosis progression in psoriatic arthritis patients despite the treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockers: a two-year prospective observational study.Joint Bone Spine. 2014; 81: 421-425
- Infliximab induces increase in triglyceride levels in psoriatic arthritis patients.Clin Dev Immunol. 2011; 2011: 352686
- Improvement of lipid profile is accompanied by atheroprotective alterations in high-density lipoprotein composition upon tumor necrosis factor blockade: a prospective cohort study in ankylosing spondylitis.Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 60: 1324-1330
- Effects of 14 weeks of TNF alpha blockade treatment on lipid profile in ankylosing spondylitis.Joint Bone Spine. 2010; 77: 50-52
- Modest but sustained increase of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with inflammatory arthritides treated with infliximab.J Rheumatol. 2006; 33: 2440-2446
- Intravenous anti TNF-alpha antibody therapy leads to elevated triglyceride and reduced HDL-cholesterol levels in patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis.Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002; 114: 1004-1007
- Effects of infliximab treatment on lipoprotein profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.J Rheumatol. 2006; 33: 921-923
- Effects of infliximab treatment on insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2005; 64: 765-766
- Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade improves insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006; 24: 83-86
- The effect of infliximab treatment on insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Acta Clin Belg. 2007; 62: 218-222
- Impact of TNF inhibition on insulin resistance and lipids levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Clin Rheumatol. 2007; 26: 1495-1498
- TNF-alpha antagonist therapy improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic ankylosing spondylitis patients.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012; 30: 850-855
- Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy improves insulin resistance, beta cell function and insulin signaling in active rheumatoid arthritis patients with high insulin resistance.Arthritis Res Ther. 2012; 14: R141
- Effects of anti-TNF therapy on glucose metabolism in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis.Biologicals. 2010; 38: 567-569
- Effects of infliximab treatment in terms of cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance in ankylosing spondylitis patients.Mod Rheumatol. 2014; 24: 335-339
- The L-arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio is improved by anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy in inflammatory arthropathies. Associations with aortic stiffness.Atherosclerosis. 2012; 225: 160-165
- Independent relationship of osteoprotegerin concentrations with endothelial activation and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis.J Rheumatol. 2014; 41: 429-436
- Treatment-specific changes in circulating adipocytokines: a comparison between tumour necrosis factor blockade and glucocorticoid treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2012; 71: 1510-1516
- NT-proBNP levels may be influenced by inflammation in active ankylosing spondylitis receiving TNF blockers: a pilot study.Clin Rheumatol. 2013; 32: 879-883
- Tumour necrosis factor {alpha} blockade reduces circulating N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results from a prospective cohort study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2010; 69: 1281-1285
- The role of inflammation and cardiovascular disease risk on microvascular and macrovascular endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.Arthritis Res Ther. 2012; 14: R117
- Vascular effects of biologic agents in RA and spondyloarthropathies.Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2009; 5: 677-684
- Microvascular function is impaired in ankylosing spondylitis and improves after tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade.Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68: 362-366
- Impaired coronary microvascular and left ventricular diastolic functions in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Atherosclerosis. 2008; 196: 306-312
- Microvascular dysfunction: a potential pathophysiological role in the metabolic syndrome.Hypertension. 2007; 50: 204-211
- Microvascular function relates to insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in normal subjects.Circulation. 1999; 99: 896-902
- Assessment of skin microvascular function and dysfunction with laser speckle contrast imaging.Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2012; 5: 155-163
- Clinical improvement in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with healthier microvascular function in patients who respond to antirheumatic therapy.J Rheumatol. 2010; 37: 521-528
- Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis.Lancet. 1992; 340: 1111-1115
- Predictive value of brachial flow-mediated dilation for incident cardiovascular events in a population-based study: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis.Circulation. 2009; 120: 502-509
- Brachial flow-mediated dilation predicts incident cardiovascular events in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.Circulation. 2007; 115: 2390-2397
- Active but transient improvement of endothelial function in rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing long-term treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody.Arthritis Rheum. 2004; 51: 447-450
- Short-term adalimumab therapy improves endo-thelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to infliximab.Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006; 24: 309-312
- TNF-alpha blockade induces a reversible but transient effect on endothelial dysfunction in patients with long-standing severe rheumatoid arthritis.Clin Rheumatol. 2008; 27: 833-839
- Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy and changes of flow-mediated vasodilatation in psoriatic and rheumatoid arthritis patients.Intern Emerg Med. 2010; 5: 495-500
- Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment improves endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Circulation. 2002; 106: 2184-2187
- Anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha therapy over conventional therapy improves endothelial function in adults with rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatol Int. 2006; 26: 1125-1131
- Sustained improvement of vascular endothelial function during anti-TNFalpha treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients.Scand J Rheumatol. 2009; 38: 6-10
- Long-term anti-TNF-alpha treatments reverse the endothelial dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: the biological coherence between synovial and endothelial inflammation.Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2010; 23: 255-262
- Endothelial dysfunction in ankylosing spondylitis improves after tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade.Clin Rheumatol. 2010; 29: 763-770
- Anti-TNF-alpha-adalimumab therapy is associated with persistent improvement of endothelial function without progression of carotid intima-media wall thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to conventional therapy.Mediators Inflamm. 2012; 2012: 674265
- Effect of therapeutic inhibition of TNF on circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Mediators Inflamm. 2013; 2013: 537539
- Aortic stiffness: current understanding and future directions.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 57: 1511-1522
- Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55: 1318-1327
- Comparison between carotid-femoral and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as measures of arterial stiffness.J Hypertens. 2009; 27: 2022-2027
- Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity: an index of central arterial stiffness?.J Hum Hypertens. 2005; 19: 401-406
- Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with brachial-ankle elasticity index: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hypertension. 2012; 60: 556-562
- Can suppression of inflammation by anti-TNF prevent progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in inflammatory arthritis?.Rheumatology. 2014; 53: 1108-1119
- Infliximab is associated with improvement in arterial stiffness in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis—a randomized trial.J Rheumatol. 2012; 39: 2267-2275
- The effects of golimumab on subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in ankylosing spondylitis-a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial.Rheumatology. 2014; 53: 1065-1074
- Tocilizumab monotherapy reduces arterial stiffness as effectively as etanercept or adalimumab monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label randomized controlled trial.J Rheumatol. 2011; 38: 2169-2171
- Effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in severe rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 2006; 55: 150-153
- Non-invasive assessment of arterial stiffness indices by applanation tonometry and pulse wave analysis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with TNF-alpha blocker remicade (infliximab).Proc West Pharmacol Soc. 2007; 50: 119-122
- Response to anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade is associated with reduction of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology. 2007; 46: 1111-1115
- Intima-media thickness evolution after treatment with infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Int J Gen Med. 2009; 2: 141-144
- Long-term anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy reverses the progression of carotid intima-media thickness in female patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatol Int. 2009; 30: 193-198
- Tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade is associated with sustained regression of carotid intima-media thickness for patients with active psoriatic arthritis: a 2-year pilot study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2011; 70: 705-706
- Effect of 1-year anti-TNF-alpha therapy on aortic stiffness, carotid atherosclerosis, and calprotectin in inflammatory arthropathies: a controlled study.Am J Hypertens. 2012; 25: 644-650
- Etanercept normalises left ventricular mass in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2013; 72: 881-887
- Tumour necrosis factor blocking agents and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74: 119-123
- Adalimumab decreases aortic stiffness independently of its effect in disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Clin Rheumatol. 2015; 34: 359-364
- Effect of golimumab on carotid atherosclerotic disease measures and cardiovascular events in inflammatory arthritides.J Clin Rheumatol. 2014; 20: 1-10
- Tumour necrosis factor antagonists improve disease activity but not arterial stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology. 2005; 44: 1428-1432
- Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy increases serum adiponectin levels with the improvement of endothelial dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Mod Rheumatol. 2007; 17: 385-390
- Etanercept improves inflammation-associated arterial stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology. 2009; 48: 1418-1423
- Infliximab improves vascular stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Ann Rheum Dis. 2009; 68: 1277-1284
- Augmentation index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis treated with infliximab.Clin Rheumatol. 2010; 29: 723-727
- Effects of adalimumab treatment on vascular disease associated with early rheumatoid arthritis.Isr Med Assoc J. 2011; 13: 147-152
- Anti-TNF-alpha therapy may not improve arterial stiffness in patients with AS: a 24-week follow-up.Rheumatology. 2012; 51: 910-914
- Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy reduces aortic inflammation and stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Circulation. 2012; 126: 2473-2480
- No significant changes in arterial stiffness in patients with ankylosing spondylitis after tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade treatment for 6 and 12 months.Rheumatology. 2013; 52: 204-209
- Pulse-wave analysis: clinical evaluation of a noninvasive, widely applicable method for assessing endothelial function.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002; 22: 147-152
- Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with central haemodynamics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Eur Heart J. 2010; 31: 1865-1871
- Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group.N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 14-22
- Carotid atherosclerosis predicts incident acute coronary syndromes in rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 2011; 63: 1211-1220
- Carotid intima-media thickness predicts the development of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 38: 366-371
- Lipid profile changes in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis treated with biologic agents and tofacitinib in randomized clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arthritis Rheum. 2015; 67: 117-127
- Effect of interleukin-6 receptor blockade on surrogates of vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: MEASURE, a randomised, placebo-controlled study.Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74: 694-702
- Effects of rituximab treatment on endothelial dysfunction, carotid atherosclerosis, and lipid profile in rheumatoid arthritis.Clin Rheumatol. 2009; 28: 705-710
- HDL protein composition alters from proatherogenic into less atherogenic and proinflammatory in rheumatoid arthritis patients responding to rituximab.Ann Rheum Dis. 2013; 72: 560-565
- No significant change in arterial stiffness in RA after 6 months and 1 year of rituximab treatment.Rheumatology. 2012; 51: 1107-1111
- Effects of 6 months of abatacept treatment on aortic stiffness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Biologics. 2013; 7: 259-264
- Short-term improvement of endothelial function in rituximab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients refractory to tumor necrosis factor alpha blocker therapy.Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 59: 1821-1824
- Factors correlated with improvement of endothelial dysfunction during rituximab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Biologics. 2013; 7: 69-75
- Depletion of B-cells with rituximab improves endothelial function and reduces inflammation among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.J Am Heart Assoc. 2014; 3: e001267
- A pilot study of endothelial dysfunction and aortic stiffness after interleukin-6 receptor inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis.Atherosclerosis. 2011; 219: 734-736
- Increased benefit of interleukin-1 inhibition on vascular function, myocardial deformation, and twisting in patients with coronary artery disease and coexisting rheumatoid arthritis.Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014; 7: 619-628
Article info
Publication history
Published online: May 16, 2015
Accepted:
May 12,
2015
Received in revised form:
May 11,
2015
Received:
March 16,
2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
