Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a noninvasive, silent, and totally passive neurophysiological
imaging method with excellent temporal resolution (∼1 ms) and good spatial precision
(∼3–5 mm). In a typical experiment, MEG data are acquired as healthy controls or patients
with neurologic or psychiatric disorders perform a specific cognitive task, or receive
sensory stimulation. The resulting data are generally analyzed using standard electrophysiological
methods, coupled with advanced image reconstruction algorithms. To date, the total
number of MEG instruments and associated users is significantly smaller than comparable
human neuroimaging techniques, although this is likely to change in the near future
with advances in the technology. Despite this small base, MEG research has made a
significant impact on several areas of translational neuroscience, largely through
its unique capacity to quantify the oscillatory dynamics of activated brain circuits
in humans. This review focuses on the clinical areas where MEG imaging has arguably
had the greatest impact in regard to the identification of aberrant neural dynamics
at the regional and network level, monitoring of disease progression, determining
how efficacious pharmacologic and behavioral interventions modulate neural systems,
and the development of neural markers of disease. Specifically, this review covers
recent advances in understanding the abnormal neural oscillatory dynamics that underlie
Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorders, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated
neurocognitive disorders, cerebral palsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,
cognitive aging, and post-traumatic stress disorder. MEG imaging has had a major impact
on how clinical neuroscientists understand the brain basis of these disorders, and
its translational influence is rapidly expanding with new discoveries and applications
emerging continuously.
Abbreviations:
MEG (magnetoencephalography), HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), Hz (hertz), ERD (event-related desynchronization), ERS (event-related synchronization), ASD (autism spectrum disorder), s (second), fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder), DMN (default-mode network), MPFC (medial prefrontal cortices), PCC (posterior cingulate cortices), RIPL (right inferior parietal), LIPL (left inferior parietal), PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), HAND (HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder), PD (Parkinson’s disease), LFP (local field potential), DBS (deep-brain stimulation), PMBR (post-movement beta rebound), CP (cerebral palsy)To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 25, 2016
Accepted:
January 18,
2016
Received in revised form:
January 15,
2016
Received:
November 3,
2015
Identification
Copyright
© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
