An essential advantage during eukaryotic cell evolution was the acquisition of a network
of mitochondria as a source of energy for cell metabolism and contrary to conventional
wisdom, functional mitochondria are essential for the cancer cell. Multiple aspects
of mitochondrial biology beyond bioenergetics support transformation including mitochondrial
biogenesis, fission and fusion dynamics, cell death susceptibility, oxidative stress
regulation, metabolism, and signaling. In cancer, the metabolism of cells is reprogrammed
for energy generation from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and impacts
cancer mitochondrial function. Furthermore cancer cells can also modulate energy metabolism
within the cancer microenvironment including immune cells and induce “metabolic anergy”
of antitumor immune response. Classical approaches targeting the mitochondria of cancer
cells usually aim at inducing changing energy metabolism or directly affecting functions
of mitochondrial antiapoptotic proteins but most of such approaches miss the required
specificity of action and carry important side effects. Several types of cancers harbor
somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations and specific immune response to mutated mitochondrial
proteins has been observed. An attractive alternative way to target the mitochondria
in cancer cells is the induction of an adaptive immune response against mutated mitochondrial
proteins. Here, we review the cancer cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms
through which mitochondria influence all steps of oncogenesis, with a focus on the
therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial DNA mutations or Tumor Associated
Mitochondria Antigens using the immune system.
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 01, 2018
Accepted:
July 25,
2018
Received in revised form:
July 24,
2018
Received:
May 17,
2018
Identification
Copyright
© 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc.
